Law No. 20 of 2014 on Electronic Transactions

Contents (8)

1. Chapter One – Definitions
2. Chapter Two – General Provisions
3. Chapter Three – Electronic Document or Record
4. Chapter Four – Electronic Signature
5. Chapter Five – Government Use of Electronic Documents and Signatures
6. Chapter Six – Electronic Payment
7. Chapter Seven – Privacy and Data Protection
8. Chapter Eight – Penalties

Law No. 20 of 2014
on Electronic Transactions

Chapter One
Definitions

Article 1

In applying the provisions of this Law, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth next to each of them:
Electronic: Anything related to information technology and having electrical, digital, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic or photonic capabilities, or other similar means, whether wired or wireless, and any technologies that may be developed in this field.
Electronic Writing: Any letters, numbers, symbols or other signs fixed on an electronic, digital or optical medium, or on any other similar means, that convey a perceivable meaning and can be retrieved later.
Electronic Data: Data with electronic characteristics in the form of texts, symbols, sounds, drawings, images, computer programs or databases.
Electronic Data Processing System: An electronic system for creating, entering, retrieving, sending, receiving, extracting, storing, displaying or processing information or messages electronically.
Electronic Medium: The electronic medium and mechanism used to store electronic information.
Electronic Document or Record: A set of data or information that is created, stored, extracted, copied, sent, communicated or received, wholly or partly, by electronic means, on a tangible medium or on any other electronic medium, and that can be retrieved in an understandable form.
Electronic Message: Electronic data sent or received by electronic means, whatever the means of its extraction at the place where it is received.
Originator: The natural or juridical person who sends, or on whose behalf is sent, the document or record by means of an electronic message, or who is proven to have created or sent the document or record before it was stored.

A party that acts as a service provider in producing, processing, sending or storing such electronic document or record, or in other related services, shall not be considered an originator.
Addressee: The natural or juridical person to whom the originator of the document or record intended to direct it. A person who provides services in relation to receiving, processing or storing the electronic document or record, or other related services, shall not be considered an addressee.
Electronic Transaction: Any dealing or agreement concluded or performed, wholly or partly, by electronic means and correspondence.
Automated Electronic System: A computer program or electronic system prepared to act, or to respond to an action, independently, wholly or partly, without the intervention or supervision of any natural person at the time the action or response takes place.
Electronic Signature: Data in the form of letters, numbers, symbols, signs or other forms, included electronically, digitally, optically or by any other similar means in an electronic document or record, or added to it or necessarily associated with it, and having a character that allows the identification of the person who signed it and distinguishes that person from others.
Protected Electronic Signature: An electronic signature that meets the conditions of Article (19) of this Law.
Electronic Signature Tool: A device or electronic data uniquely prepared to operate independently or jointly with other devices and electronic data to place the electronic signature of a specific person. This process includes any systems or devices that generate or capture unique data such as codes, algorithms, letters, numbers, private keys, personal identification numbers or their properties.
Signatory: The natural or juridical person who holds his own electronic signature creation data and tool and who signs, on his own behalf or on behalf of the person he represents by delegation or by law, the electronic document, record or message using that tool and those data.
Electronic Payment: The process of transferring and paying money by electronic means.
Electronic Payment Means: The means that enables its holder to make electronic payments.
Financial Institution: A bank, financing company, investment company (“financing activity”) or exchange company subject to the supervision of the Central Bank of Kuwait, or any institution authorised to make money transfers or electronic payments in accordance with the laws in force.
Unauthorised Entry: Any financial entry on the customer’s account resulting from an electronic message sent in his name without his knowledge, consent or authorisation.
Certification Service Provider: The natural or juridical person accredited and licensed by the Competent Authority to issue electronic certification certificates, or to provide any services or perform any tasks related to them and to electronic signatures, as regulated under the provisions of the draft law.
Electronic Certification Certificate: The certificate issued by the licensed party that certifies the attribution of an electronic signature to a specific person and establishes the link between the signatory and the signature creation data, on the basis of accredited authentication procedures.
Time Stamp: Information provided by the certification service provider by which the date and time of creating, sending and receiving electronic documents and messages are accurately determined, so that it constitutes proof against all.
Competent Authority: The body to which the State entrusts the supervision of issuing the licences required to provide electronic certification and electronic signature services and other activities in the field of electronic transactions and information.
Encryption: The process of converting plain text, a text document or an electronic message into unknown or scrambled symbols that cannot be read unless restored to their original form.
Competent Minister: The minister designated by the Council of Ministers.

Chapter Two
General Provisions

Article 2

Unless the parties agree otherwise, the provisions of this Law shall apply to electronic records, messages, transactions, documents and signatures relating to civil, commercial and administrative transactions and dispositions, and to every dispute arising from their use, subject to the special provisions applicable to any of them under other laws. The legal effects of the electronic records, messages, transactions, documents and signatures referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not be denied for any reason.

* Replaced by Decree-Law No. 148 of 2025 (Kuwait Al-Youm, Issue No. 1763, 2 November 2025).

Article 3

Every electronic record, document, message, transaction and signature in the field of civil, commercial and administrative transactions shall produce the same legal effects as paper documents and records and handwritten signatures, and shall be deemed to satisfy all the elements required for concluding a disposition or producing any other legal effect, including registration or publicity, if the body entrusted with such registration or publicity has established an electronic register in which the data or transactions are recorded in accordance with the provisions and controls set out in this Law, without prejudice to the provisions of any other law.

* Replaced by Decree-Law No. 148 of 2025 (Kuwait Al-Youm, Issue No. 1763, 2 November 2025).

Article 4

No person shall be obliged to accept dealing by electronic means without his consent. A person’s consent shall be inferred from his positive conduct where the circumstances leave no doubt that it indicates his consent. In the case of government bodies, their acceptance of electronic dealing must be express in respect of the electronic data to which they are a party.

Article 5

Offer and acceptance, and all matters relating to contracting, including any amendment or withdrawal of the offer or acceptance, may be expressed wholly or partly by electronic transactions. Such expression shall not lose its validity, effect or enforceability merely because it was made by one or more electronic communications.

Article 6

A paper copy of an electronic document or record shall be proof against all before the courts in the case of an official document, and proof against the person to whom the electronic signature on it is attributed in the case of an unofficial document, to the extent that each conforms to the original document, provided that the electronic document or record and the electronic signature exist on the electronic medium in accordance with the conditions set out in Articles (19 and 20) of this Law.

Article 7

The provisions of the Law of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Matters shall apply to proving the validity of official and unofficial electronic documents or records, their paper copies, electronic signatures and electronic writing in respect of matters not provided for in this Law or its Executive Regulations.

Chapter Three
Electronic Document or Record

Article 8

A contract may be concluded between automated electronic systems comprising two or more electronic data systems that are prepared and programmed in advance to perform such tasks. The contract shall be valid, enforceable and productive of its legal effects once its conditions are met and those systems have performed their functions as required, notwithstanding the absence of any personal or direct intervention by a natural person in the process of concluding the contract. A legal disposition may also be made between an electronic system belonging to a natural or juridical person and a natural person if the latter knows, or is presumed to know, that the system will carry out the task of completing the legal disposition.

Article 9

An electronic document or record that produces its legal effects must meet all of the following conditions:
A. It can be kept in the form in which it was created, sent or received, or in any form that makes it easy to prove the accuracy of the data it contained at the time of creation and sending or receipt.
B. The data contained in it can be kept and stored so that they can be referred to at any time.
C. The data contained in it indicate the identity of the person who creates or receives it and the date and time of sending or receipt.
D. It is kept in the form of an electronic document or record in accordance with the conditions and principles determined by the competent body under whose supervision this activity falls.
The provisions of this Article shall not prejudice the provisions of any other law that expressly requires a document, record, data or information to be kept in a specific electronic form, or by following specific procedures, or to be kept or sent through a specific electronic medium, nor shall they conflict with any additional requirements set by government bodies for keeping electronic records within their competence.

Article 10

The data accompanying a document or record whose purpose is to facilitate its sending or receipt need not meet the conditions set out in the preceding Article.
Any person may use the services of another person licensed to keep or retrieve documents and data where the law requires them to be kept, provided that the conditions set out in the preceding Article are met.
The provisions of that Article shall not prejudice the provisions of other laws or any special procedures that government bodies require to be followed for keeping documents.

Article 11

An electronic document or record shall be deemed issued by the originator whether it was issued by him personally or by another person on his behalf through an electronic system set up to operate automatically by the originator or on his behalf.
The electronic document or record shall be proof against the originator in favour of the addressee in any of the following cases:
A. If the originator issued it himself.
B. If the addressee used an electronic data processing system that he had previously agreed with the originator to use for this purpose.
C. If the electronic document or record reached the addressee as a result of actions taken by a person subordinate to the originator or acting on his behalf and authorised to access the electronic means used by either of them to identify the originator.
The electronic document or record shall not be proof against the originator in the following two cases:
1. If the addressee receives a notice from the originator informing him that the electronic document or record was not issued by him, in which case the addressee shall act on the basis that it was not issued by the originator. The originator shall be liable for any consequences that occurred before the receipt of such notice, unless it is proven that the electronic document or record was in fact never issued by him.
2. If the addressee knew, or could have known, that the electronic document or record was not issued by the originator.
3. The addressee may treat each electronic message he receives as a separate communication and act on that assumption alone, unless he knew, or should have known had he exercised the care of an ordinary person or used any agreed procedure, that the electronic message was a duplicate.

Article 12

If the originator, by means of an electronic document or record, requests the addressee to notify him of the receipt of that electronic document or record, or has agreed with him to do so, the addressee’s notification to the originator by electronic or any other means, or any act or step by him indicating that he has received the electronic document or record, shall be deemed compliance with that request or performance of the agreement.
If the originator makes the effect of the electronic document or record conditional upon receiving a notice from the addressee acknowledging its receipt, the electronic document or record shall not produce its effect until that notice is received.
If the originator requests the addressee to send a notice acknowledging receipt of the electronic document or record without setting a time limit for it or making the effect of the electronic document or record conditional upon receiving that notice, and the notice is not received within a reasonable period, the originator may send the addressee a warning requiring the notice to be sent within a specified period, failing which the electronic document or record shall be deemed void if the notice is not received within that period.
The acknowledgment of receipt shall not in itself be evidence that the content of the electronic document or record received by the addressee is identical to the content of the electronic document or record sent by the originator.

Article 13

An electronic document or record shall not be binding on the addressee if the originator prevents the addressee from being able to retrieve, print, store and keep the electronic document or record.

Article 14

An electronic document or record may be kept for purposes of evidence, documentation or any other purpose, and shall be proof between its parties, unless a special provision in another law requires a written document to be kept.

Article 15

An electronic document or record shall be deemed sent from the time it enters a data processing system that is not under the control of the originator or of the person who sent the electronic document or record on his behalf, unless the originator and the addressee agree otherwise.
If the addressee has agreed with the originator on an electronic data processing system for receiving the electronic document or record, the electronic document or record shall be deemed received when it enters that system. If the message is sent to a system other than the agreed one, it shall be deemed sent from the time the addressee [views it] for the first time.
If the addressee has not agreed with the originator on a processing system for receiving data messages, the time of receipt of the messages shall be the time they enter any electronic data processing system belonging to the addressee, unless the originator and the addressee use the same electronic data processing system, in which case sending shall be deemed to have taken place from the time the electronic document or record comes to the attention of the addressee.

* The words in square brackets are illegible in the copy of the Official Gazette (Kuwait Al-Youm, Issue No. 1172) and have been completed from the context.

Article 16

An electronic document or record shall be deemed sent from the place where the originator’s place of business is located and received at the place where the addressee’s place of business is located. If either of them has no place of business, his place of residence shall be deemed his place of business, unless the originator of the electronic document or record and the addressee have agreed otherwise.
If the originator or the addressee has more than one place of business, the place of business having the closest connection with the transaction shall be deemed the place of sending or receipt. Where this cannot be determined, the principal place of business of each of them shall be deemed the place of sending or receipt.

Article 17

The time stamp added by the certification service provider to any electronically signed electronic document or record shall be proof of the date and time of creating, sending and receiving the electronic document or record.

Chapter Four
Electronic Signature

Article 18

The legal effect of an electronic signature, in terms of its validity and enforceability, may not be disregarded merely because it is in electronic form. A protected electronic signature in the field of civil, commercial and administrative transactions shall have the same evidentiary force accorded to a handwritten signature under the provisions of the Law of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Matters, provided that the technical controls set out in this Law and its Executive Regulations have been observed in its creation and completion.

Article 19

A signature shall be treated as a protected electronic signature if it meets the following conditions:
A. The signatory can be identified.
B. The signature is linked to the signatory alone.
C. The signature is executed using a secure signature tool under the sole control of the signatory at the time of signing.
D. Any change in the data associated with the protected signature, or in the relationship between the data and the signatory, can be detected.
The Executive Regulations of this Law shall set out the technical controls required for this purpose.

Article 20

A person who relies on a protected electronic signature shall bear the burden of submitting the electronic certification certificate proving its validity, in accordance with the nature of the restrictions and conditions imposed on the certificate, while taking the necessary steps to verify the validity of the signature and of the certificate and that it is in force, and taking into account any prior agreement or dealing between the party relying on the certificate and the body certifying the data it contains or to which its issuance is attributed.

Article 21

The signatory shall observe the following:
A. Exercise a reasonable degree of care and precaution to prevent others from using his signature tool and data unlawfully.
B. Notify the Competent Authority and the persons concerned without delay whenever he has sufficient indications that his electronic signature has been used unlawfully.
C. Exercise the care of a prudent person in using the electronic certification certificate, to ensure the accuracy and completeness of all material data he provides in connection with that certificate throughout its period of validity.

Article 22

The said Competent Authority shall regulate the provision of electronic certification services and electronic signature services, and shall in particular carry out the following:
A. Issue and renew the licences required to carry out electronic certification and electronic signature service activities, and monitor and supervise the activities of certification service providers, in accordance with the provisions of the Law, its Executive Regulations and the regulations governing the Authority.
B. Set the standards for electronic certification and electronic signatures so as to control their technical specifications.
C. Receive complaints relating to electronic certification and electronic signature activities and take the necessary action on them.
D. Provide technical advice on disputes that may arise between the parties concerned with electronic certification and electronic signature activities.

Article 23

The Public Authority for Civil Information, in coordination with the Competent Authority, shall supervise the construction, design and management of the infrastructure for both electronic certification and electronic signatures in the State of Kuwait. The bodies authorised under the preceding Article of this Law shall link and coordinate with the Public Authority for Civil Information in accordance with the controls and conditions set by the Public Authority for Civil Information in coordination with the competent bodies in this regard.

Article 24

The activity of issuing electronic certification certificates may not be carried out except after obtaining a licence from the Competent Authority in accordance with the procedures, conditions and guarantees set out in the Executive Regulations of this Law. The licensee shall be responsible for the proper implementation of these procedures, conditions and guarantees.
The Authority shall accredit foreign bodies competent to issue electronic certification certificates, in which case such certificates shall have the same evidentiary force accorded to similar certificates issued by their local counterparts, all in accordance with the rules and procedures set out in the Executive Regulations.

Article 25

The Competent Authority may, at any time and where any violations exist, issue a decision cancelling the licence, withdrawing the accreditation granted to a foreign body to issue electronic certification certificates, or suspending either of them until the causes of the violation are removed, in particular in the following two cases:
A. Violation of the conditions of the licence or accreditation.
B. Loss of any of the conditions or guarantees on the basis of which the licence or accreditation was granted. This shall be done in accordance with the procedures and rules set out in the Executive Regulations of this Law.

Chapter Five
Government Use of Electronic Documents and Signatures

Article 26

Without prejudice to any provision of another law, any government body may, in exercising its competences, do the following:
A. Accept the filing, submission, creation or keeping of documents in the form of electronic documents or records.
B. Issue any permit, licence, decision or approval in the form of electronic documents or records.
C. Accept fees or any other payments electronically.
D. Invite government tenders of any kind and receive bids electronically.

Article 27

If any government body decides to perform any of the tasks mentioned in the preceding Article electronically, it may determine the following:
A. The method or form by which such electronic documents shall be created, filed, kept, submitted or issued, provided that this does not conflict with the provisions on data privacy and protection.
B. The method, manner, means and procedures by which tenders are invited and bids are received.
C. The type of electronic signature required.
D. The method and form by which that signature shall be affixed to the electronic document or record, and the standard that must be met by the certification service provider to whom the document or record is submitted for keeping or filing, within the limits of the standards and specifications set by the Competent Authority in accordance with Article (22) of this Law and its Executive Regulations.
E. Appropriate control operations and procedures to ensure the integrity, security and confidentiality of electronic documents and records, payments or fees.
F. Any other characteristics, conditions or provisions prescribed for sending paper documents, in accordance with the Executive Regulations of this Law.

Chapter Six
Electronic Payment

Article 28

The transfer of money by electronic means shall be an acceptable means of making payment. This Law shall not in any way affect the rights of third parties established under the laws or any other agreements.

Article 29

Every financial institution that carries out electronic payment business in accordance with the provisions of this Law, its Executive Regulations and the regulations issued thereunder shall comply with the following:
A. Abide by the provisions of Law No. (32) of 1968 concerning Currency, the Central Bank of Kuwait and the Organisation of Banking Business, other laws and the instructions issued in this regard, as well as Law No. (106) of 2013 on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism.
B. Take the measures necessary to provide safe services to customers and to maintain banking secrecy in accordance with the legal standards followed in this regard.

Article 30

The customer shall not be liable for any unauthorised entry on his bank account made by electronic payment if, before the entry is made, he promptly notifies the financial institution to stop the use of his electronic signature because he fears that others may gain access to the account, or of the loss of his electronic payment means, or that others have come to know his electronic signature.
The customer shall be liable for any unlawful use of his account by electronic payment if it is proven that his negligence caused or principally contributed to it, and that the institution has fulfilled its duty to prevent any unlawful use of that account.
In electronic payment operations, no amendment or change may be made to the electronic document or record once it has been sent by the originator, and any cancellation must be made using a separate electronic document or record.

Article 31

The Central Bank shall issue to the banking and financial institutions subject to its supervision the instructions necessary to regulate electronic payment of funds, including the approval of electronic payment means, the consequences of an entry resulting from an unauthorised transfer, the procedures for correcting errors and disclosing data, and any other matters relating to electronic banking business, including the data that financial institutions are required to provide to it, in accordance with the law.
The penalties provided for in Article (85) of the said Law No. (32) of 1968 shall apply to any body that violates the instructions.

Chapter Seven
Privacy and Data Protection

Article 32

Except in cases permitted by law, government bodies, public authorities and institutions, companies, non-governmental bodies, and their employees may not access without right, or disclose or publish, any personal data or information recorded in records or electronic processing systems relating to employment affairs, social history, health condition or financial assets of persons, or any other personal data recorded with any of the bodies specified in this Article or their employees by virtue of their functions, unless this is done with the consent of the person to whom such data or information relates or his legal representative, or by a reasoned judicial decision.
The bodies specified in the first paragraph of this Article shall state the purpose of collecting the said data and information, and such data and information shall be collected within the limits of that purpose.

Article 33

Except for the data or information relating to persons that government security bodies store in their records and electronic processing systems for reasons of the national security of the country, a person may request any of the bodies mentioned in the preceding Article to allow him to view the personal data or information referred to in the preceding Article that is recorded with it and relates to him or to any of the individuals he legally represents, and to obtain an official statement of it. Such bodies shall respond to that request.
The Executive Regulations of this Law shall set out the procedures and controls governing individuals’ access to personal data and information.

Article 34

Without prejudice to the provisions of the preceding Articles, government bodies, private juridical persons and individuals may obtain from the bodies specified in Article (32) the data or information they need that is recorded in their records or electronic processing systems, subject to the approval of the body after verifying the capacity of the applicant, the nature of such data or information, its usefulness and purpose, and any other conditions it deems necessary.
The body to which the request is submitted may reject the request and notify the applicant in writing within thirty days of its submission. The lapse of the specified period without a decision on the request shall be deemed a rejection. The applicant may file a grievance against the rejection decision with the head of the body that issued it within sixty days of being notified of the rejection decision or of the lapse of the period provided for in the preceding paragraph without a decision on the request.
The decision of the head of the administrative body rejecting the grievance, or the lapse of thirty days from the date of the grievance without a decision on it, shall be deemed a final rejection decision.
A person who obtains data under the provisions of this Article may not use it for any purpose other than the purpose for which the body agreed to provide it to him.
The Executive Regulations of this Law shall set out the controls to be followed in this regard and the prescribed fees.

Article 35

The bodies mentioned in Article (32) are prohibited from the following:
A. Collecting, recording or processing any personal data or information of the kind provided for in Article (32) by unlawful means or methods, or without the consent of the person concerned or his representative.
B. Using the said personal data or information recorded in their records or information systems for purposes other than those for which it was collected.
Such bodies shall:
A. Verify the accuracy of the personal data or information mentioned in Article (32) that is recorded in their information systems and relates to persons, and complete and update it regularly.
B. Take appropriate measures to protect the personal data and information referred to in Article (32) against anything that exposes it to loss, damage, disclosure, replacement with incorrect data, or the entry of untrue information.

Article 36

A. Individuals may request the bodies specified in Article (32) to delete or amend any of the aforementioned personal data or information relating to them that such bodies store in their records or electronic processing systems, if such data proves to be incorrect or not in conformity with reality, and may also request its replacement in accordance with any changes that have occurred to it.
B. The Executive Regulations of this Law shall set out the procedures and controls to be followed with regard to requests submitted by individuals to delete or amend any of the said data recorded about them with any of the aforementioned bodies.

Chapter Eight
Penalties

Article 37

Without prejudice to any more severe penalty provided for in another law, a penalty of imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years and a fine of not less than five thousand dinars and not exceeding twenty thousand dinars, or either of these two penalties, shall be imposed on any person who:
A. Intentionally and without right accesses an electronic processing system, disrupts access to such system or causes damage to it, or obtains the numbers or data of credit cards or other electronic cards in order to use them to obtain the funds of others.
B. Issues an electronic certification certificate or carries out any electronic certification service without obtaining a licence to do so from the Competent Authority.
C. Damages or impairs a signature, system, signature tool, or electronic document or record, or forges any of them by fabrication, alteration, conversion or in any other way.
D. Uses a signature, system, signature tool, or electronic document or record knowing that it is impaired or forged.
E. By any means and without right, gains access to a signature, system, or electronic document or record, or penetrates, intercepts or disrupts such system from performing its function.
F. Violates the provisions of Article (32) or Items “A and B” of the first paragraph of Article (35) of this Law. The court may order the confiscation of the tools, programs or devices used in committing the crime, without prejudice to the rights of third parties acting in good faith.
In all cases, the court shall order the publication of a summary of the final judgment of conviction in two daily newspapers published in Arabic at the expense of the convicted person, and its publication on the open electronic communications network in accordance with the rules set by the Executive Regulations.
The penalty shall be doubled in the event of recidivism in any of these crimes.

Article 38

A penalty of imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year and a fine of not less than three thousand dinars and not exceeding ten thousand dinars, or either of these two penalties, shall be imposed on any person licensed to provide electronic certification services who submits incorrect data in the registration application submitted to the Competent Authority or violates the conditions of the licence.

Article 39

Without prejudice to the personal criminal liability of the perpetrator of the crime, the person responsible for the actual management of a juridical person shall be punished with the same penalties prescribed for acts committed in violation of the provisions of this Law if his negligence and breach of the duties imposed on him by such management contributed to the commission of the crime with his knowledge.
The juridical person shall be jointly liable for any financial penalties and compensation awarded if the violation was committed by any of its employees in the name of the juridical person or for its benefit.

Article 40

The Public Prosecution alone shall have jurisdiction to investigate, dispose of and prosecute all crimes provided for in this Law and related crimes.

Article 41

The competent employees designated by a decision of the Competent Minister shall have the capacity of judicial police officers to monitor the implementation of this Law and the regulations and decisions implementing it, to draw up the necessary reports in the event of violation of its provisions, and to refer them to the Public Prosecution for investigation and disposition.

Article 42

The Public Prosecution may accept a request for settlement from a person who has committed, for the first time, any of the crimes provided for in this Law, if the accused submits the settlement request to the Public Prosecution and pays an amount of one thousand dinars to the court treasury before the case is referred to the competent court. Acceptance of the settlement shall result in the extinction of the criminal action and all its effects.

Article 43

The provisions of this Law shall not prejudice the provisions contained in special legislation.

Article 44

The Competent Minister shall issue the Executive Regulations of this Law within six months from the date of its publication in the Official Gazette.

Article 45

The Prime Minister and the Ministers, each within his competence, shall implement this Law.

Article 46

This Law shall be published and shall come into force from the date of approval of the Executive Regulations.

Issued on 11 February 2014 and published in the Official Gazette Kuwait Al-Youm on 23 February 2014.